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This annotated bibliography is a professional development resource for elementary teachers. Organized and presented as a 3 x 4 matrix, the bibliography helps teachers think about science and literacy connections. It provides a guide for the teaching of particular skills at appropriate times. More...

By clicking on the link within each cell, you will find an annotated bibliography of resources that touch upon that topic.

Student Writing

Student Reading

Student Speaking and Listening

Inquiry Stage One: Engage and Explore

 

Purposes:
• think
• reflect

Types of writing:
• note taking
• descriptive
• speculative

Resources for Writing: Stage One

Purposes:
• inspire
• raise questions
• enrich

Types of books:
• fictional reality
• wonder
• personal experiences
• biographies

Resources for Reading: Stage One

Purposes:
• share ideas
• generate questions
• build vocabulary

Types of settings:
• small-group discussion
• one-on-one
• informal large-group discussion

Resources for Speaking and Listening: Stage One

Inquiry Stage Two: Design and Conduct Scientific Investigations

 

Purposes:
• document process
• save emerging thoughts

Types of writing:
• procedural
• data display
• descriptive
• technical
• graphic

Resources for Writing: Stage Two

Purposes:
• provide examples of investigations
• extend experience
• provide information and vocabulary

Types of books:
• experiment
• field guide
• information

Resources for Reading: Stage Two

Purposes:
• discuss strategies
• clarify procedures and data collection
• list to others' ideas

Types of settings:
• small-group discussion
• conversation partners

Resources for Speaking and Listening: Stage Two

Inquiry State Three: Analyze and Interpret Data

 

Purposes:
• clarify thinking
• communicate ideas
• raise new questions

Types of writing:
• analytic and interpretive
• explanatory model building
• predictive
• reflective

Resources for Writing: Stage Three

Purposes:
• support and validate ideas
• provide information
• raise new questions

Types of books:
• information
• reports
• scientific notebooks

Resources for Reading: Stage Three

Purposes:
• organize thinking
• argue based on evidence
• reflect on data

Types of settings:
• small-group analysis
• small- and large-group presentation and discussion

Resources for Speaking and Listening: Stage Three

Inquiry Stage Four: Present Findings and Understandings

 

Purposes:
• communicate
• clarify to others

Types of writing:
• formal
• reporting

Resources for Writing: Stage Four

Purposes:
• exemplify writing styles and presentation strategies
• provide alternative models

Types of books:
• information
• scientific reports
• text

Resources for Reading: Stage Four

Purposes:
• communicate formally
• listen and argue clearly

Types of settings:
• formal presentation
• debate

Resources for Speaking and Listening: Stage Four


This matrix is based on a chart that was included in Supporting the Science-Literacy Connection, part of the book Learning Science and the Science of Learning: Science Educators' Essay Collection, edited by Rodger Bybee (NSTA Press, 2002). The chart draws from the inquiry standard of the National Science Education Standards (NRC, 1996) to define inquiry as a four-component or four-stage process for developing understanding: (1) engagement and exploration, (2) design and conduct of scientific investigations, (3) analysis and interpretation of data, and (4) presentation of findings and understanding. Each of these stages uses reading, writing, and speaking and listening for specific purposes and, therefore, requires customized strategies for language instruction.


View the List of Selected Resources to review the names of all books included in this matrix.

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0304104. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation

Images used in this Web product © 2007 JupiterImages

 

 

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